Hello China 英文版《你好，中国》是由中国国家广电总局主办、中国国际广播电台、高等教育出版社联合策划实施的大型多媒体系列文化项目。本分享视频来自腾讯视频，版权归原作者所有，本分享旨在学生英语学习。Hello China 英文版《你好，中国》选取了100个代表中国传统文化精髓的汉语词汇，从不同侧面反映中国文化的博大精深，加深国外民众对中国和中华文化的了解。Kong Zi (Confucius), the historical Chinese saint, is considered to be the greatest teacher of China. His teacher was Lao Tzu (Laozi). Kong Zi said that Lao Tzu was a dragon who hid in the clouds. He learned from Lao Tzu all his life but could not understand all his great wisdom. 2,500 years later his work has been translated into many foreign languages. Lao Tzu believed that people should learn from nature and keep a harmonious relationship with nature. Beside a river, Lao Tzu told Kong Qiu that a saint should act like flowing water. Water gives life to others but does not fight with others. A saint makes no error and no one hates him. Therefore, he can make great achievements. In China, Lao Tzu is considered the elite of teachers.单词速记：
1. harmonious [hɑːrˈmoʊniəs] adj.友好和睦的;和谐的;协调的;谐调的harmony [ˈhɑːrməni] n.融洽;和睦;和声;和谐;协调哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）是希腊神话中代表和谐和协调的女神。在罗马神话中对应的神祇为孔科耳狄亚（Concordia）。哈耳摩尼亚的对头是不和女神厄里斯。根据赫西俄德的《神谱》，她是战神阿瑞斯和爱神阿芙洛狄忒私通所生的女儿。哈耳摩尼亚以其于婚礼所收项链而为人熟悉。当雅典娜把底比斯交给卡德摩斯统治时，宙 斯把哈耳摩尼亚许给卡德摩斯。婚礼上，诸神齐来庆贺。爱神阿芙洛狄忒的丈夫，火神赫淮斯托斯也来参加婚礼，并为新娘献上一件他亲手做的一件无袖长袍和一条 项链。但由于对爱神与战神的痛恨，赫淮斯托斯对项链施加了诅咒，凡是戴上该项链的人都会遭遇不幸。这就是著名的“哈耳摩尼亚项链”。英语单词harmony就来自哈耳摩尼亚的名字Harmonia。harmony：['hɑːmənɪ] n.和谐，和睦，协调harmonic：[hɑː'mɒnɪk] adj.和谐的，和睦的，协调的，和声的n.谐波，和声Harmonia’s necklace：不祥之物，祸根the need to be in harmony with our environmentTheir harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals...2. elite [eɪˈliːt] n.上层集团;(统称)掌权人物，社会精英
e 向外 + lit (lect 的变体) 选出 + e 名词后缀 → 精挑细选出来的 → 精英人才In these countries, only the elite can afford an education for their children.Lao-Tzu(also known as Laozi or Lao-Tze) was a Chinese philosopher credited with founding the philosophical system of Taoism. He is best known as the author of the Tao-Te-Ching, the work which exemplifies his thought. The name by which he is known is not a personal name but an honorific title meaning `Old Man’ or `Old Teacher’ and there has been countless speculation as to whether an individual by that name ever existed or whether Lao-Tzu is an amalgam of many different philosophers. The historian Durant writes, “Lao-Tze, greatest of the pre-Confucian philosophers, was wiser than Teng Shih; he knew the wisdom of silence, and lived, we may be sure, to a ripe old age – though we are not sure that he lived at all” (652). If he did exist, he is thought to have lived in the 6th century BCE.A monumental statue at Mt. Qingyuan of Lao-Tzu, the Chinese philosopher who lived c. 500 BCE and who is credited with founding Daoism (Taosim).
The Tao-Te-Ching (Book of the Way) is an anti-intellectual, anti-authoritarian treatise which posits that the way of virtue lies in simplicity and a recognition of a natural, universal force known as the Tao. Lao-Tzu writes, “When we renounce learning we have no troubles…The ancients who showed their skill in practising the Tao did so not to enlighten people, but to make them simple and ignorant.” By `ignorant’ Lao-Tzu did not mean uninformed but, rather, purposefully focused on the present rather than accumulating knowledge which leads to idle speculation and complications in one’s own life and in the larger community. Lao-Tzu’s Taoism stood in direct contradiction to Confucius’ philosophy emphasizing education, knowledge as power, and strict adherence to the law. Lao-Tzu’s claim that “the more laws one makes, the more criminals one creates” is the antithesis of Confucius’s assertion that more laws make better citizens.The religion of Taoism, which advocated adherence to the universal Tao long before the Tao-Te-Ching, was practised through ancestor worship and an acknowledgement of the natural law of the Tao in all things. Confucianism, which refused to speculate on universal unknowns, served as a practical guide to living well through emphasis on law and proper behaviour. Lao-Tzu’s writings clarified and codified an underlying philosophy to the belief in a universal force while condemning the laws which attempted to regulate that force in the lives of human beings.According to Taoism (Daoism), all human beings are naturally good but are corrupted by law and an incorrect belief in how they are supposed to behave in society. By regulating people’s behaviour through law, government only makes them behave badly because it creates an artificial environment which human beings rebel against in an effort to maintain their natural state of harmony. If one observes the Tao, and submits to the natural flow of energy in the universe, one will be at peace. Resistance to the Tao is exemplified through the creation of laws which keep people from behaving in accordance with their natures which, if left unregulated and unrestricted, would tend toward goodness and peace. Lao-Tzu maintained, as did Teng Shih (his contemporary or elder), that people behaved badly because they were forced to through poor government and unjust laws.Recognizing that human beings act out of self-interest, Lao-Tzu still felt that, if left alone, they would harmonize whatever disputes arose through adherence to the natural rhythm of the universe. He wrote,If you do not quarrel, no one on earth will be able to quarrel with you. Recompense injury with kindness. To those who are good I am good, and to those who are not good I am also good; thus all get to be good. To those who are sincere I am sincere, and to those who are not sincere I am also sincere; and thus all get to be sincere…The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest. There is nothing in the world softer or weaker than water, and yet for attacking things that are firm and strong there is nothing that can take precedence of it. （ by Joshua J. Mark ）